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The Power of Haitian Communities

Family, Faith, Culture, and the Unbreakable Spirit of a People

By Dimwen Editorial Team

Throughout the world—from the mountains of Haiti to the cities of Miami, New York, Montreal, Paris, and beyond—Haitian communities continue to stand as powerful symbols of resilience, unity, and cultural pride. To understand Haitians is to understand a people whose lives are deeply rooted in family, faith, and a profound sense of belonging.

Community for Haitians is not simply a place. It is a way of life.

It is the understanding that no one succeeds alone, and no one struggles alone.

Family: The Heart of Haitian Life

In Haitian culture, family is the foundation of society. It extends far beyond the traditional definition of parents and children. Grandparents, cousins, aunts, uncles, godparents, neighbors, and close friends all play meaningful roles in the upbringing and support of one another.

Multiple generations often remain closely connected, sharing wisdom, responsibilities, and traditions. Elders are deeply respected, serving as pillars of knowledge and guidance for younger generations.

Meals in Haitian households are not simply about food. They are moments of connection where stories are shared, values are reinforced, and the culture of the family continues to grow.

The strength of Haitian families has allowed communities to remain strong through generations, both in Haiti and across the diaspora.

Social Connection: “Men Anpil, Chay Pa Lou”

One of the most powerful expressions in Haitian Creole says:

“Men anpil, chay pa lou.”
Many hands make the load lighter.

This proverb perfectly captures the spirit of Haitian community life.

Neighbors help neighbors. Friends support one another during times of need. When someone experiences hardship, the community responds. When someone succeeds, the entire community celebrates.

This spirit of collective responsibility and solidarity creates a powerful network of social support that strengthens Haitian communities everywhere.

Faith and Spiritual Strength

Faith plays a central role in Haitian culture. Churches are not only places of worship—they are centers of community life.

They provide spiritual guidance, education, counseling, and humanitarian support. Churches often help families navigate life’s challenges while reinforcing values of compassion, humility, perseverance, and hope.

For many Haitians, faith represents more than religion. It represents resilience and belief that, no matter how difficult the journey may be, there is always a path forward.

Hard Work and Determination

Across the globe, Haitians are recognized for their extraordinary determination and work ethic. Many Haitian immigrants arrive in new countries with little more than ambition, education, and a commitment to build a better future.

Through perseverance and sacrifice, Haitian communities have established successful careers and businesses in fields such as:

Medicine and healthcare
Education and academia
Engineering and technology
Entrepreneurship and small business
Arts, music, and culture
Public service and leadership

Yet within Haitian culture, success is rarely viewed as an individual accomplishment.

When one Haitian rises, they help lift others.

Mentorship, community support, and the desire to create opportunities for the next generation remain deeply rooted values.

Cultural Pride: Music, Food, and Heritage

Haitian culture is vibrant and expressive. It lives through music, food, art, language, and celebration.

The rhythm of Kompa music, the beauty of Haitian paintings and sculptures, and the flavors of beloved dishes such as:

Griot
Diri Kole ak Pwa
Soup Joumou
Fritay
Pikliz

all represent pieces of a cultural identity that has traveled across borders.

Perhaps most importantly, Haitian history carries a powerful legacy. Haiti became the first independent Black republic in the world in 1804, following a successful revolution that abolished slavery.

This history continues to inspire generations of Haitians with pride, courage, and a deep commitment to freedom and dignity.

Haitian Communities Around the World

Wherever Haitians settle, they rebuild the spirit of community that defines their culture.

In cities throughout the United States, Canada, Europe, and the Caribbean, Haitian neighborhoods often become vibrant centers of culture and connection. Haitian businesses, churches, restaurants, and cultural organizations help preserve traditions while helping new generations stay connected to their heritage.

These communities serve as bridges—linking Haitian identity with opportunity and growth in new countries.

Resilience in the Face of Challenges

Haiti has faced many challenges throughout its history, including economic hardship, natural disasters, and political instability.

Yet what defines Haitians is not hardship—it is resilience.

Again and again, Haitian communities rise with determination, rebuilding lives, strengthening families, and supporting one another through adversity.

It is this resilience that continues to inspire admiration around the world.

A Message the World Can Learn From

Haitian culture teaches a powerful lesson about humanity:

That true strength comes from unity.

That progress comes from compassion and cooperation.

And that communities built on love, respect, and solidarity can overcome even the greatest challenges.

The Haitian spirit lives not only in Haiti itself but also in every Haitian family, every neighborhood gathering, every shared meal, and every act of kindness between neighbors.

Wherever Haitians go, they carry with them a legacy of courage, community, and hope.

About Dimwen

Dimwen.com is dedicated to highlighting Haitian voices, culture, and community stories from around the world. Through journalism, storytelling, and cultural features, Dimwen seeks to celebrate the richness, resilience, and contributions of the Haitian people.

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published in Dimwen, News, Politics, US News

Facts Checking the President State of Union Address

1. Economy — “Our economy is strong,” “inflation down,” “incomes rising”

Claim: The president said inflation has dropped, incomes are rising, job growth and investment are strong, and the economy is booming.

Fact Check:

• It’s true inflation has declined from post-pandemic peak levels, but economists caution that many household costs remain stubbornly high and wage growth has not matched cost increases for many Americans.

• A YouGov–MarketWatch poll found more than 80% of Americans say affordability has not improved under Trump, highlighting persistent grocery, insurance, rent, prescription drug, and housing cost pressures felt by ordinary households.

• GDP growth and investment metrics vary by quarter, and some declines have occurred; real income gains are uneven across income groups.

Bottom Line: Inflation is lower than in recent prior years, but most Americans still feel financial strain — especially on essential costs. Growth does not necessarily translate into broad affordability for typical households.

2. Cost of Groceries, Healthcare, and Everyday Essentials

Claim: America is more affordable under the administration.

Fact Check:

• Polling indicates a majority of Americans report no improvement or worsening affordability for groceries, rent, insurance, and prescription costs.

• Health care premiums, deductibles, and out-of-pocket costs have continued to climb in many markets, according to independent health affordability trackers.

• No major new comprehensive government-run health coverage system has been instituted by the Trump administration — despite repeated promises — leaving costs largely dependent on private insurance markets and prior federal laws.

Bottom Line: Affordability remains a key concern for many Americans, especially middle- and lower-income households, and there is no evidence of a broad reversal of rising essential costs in everyday life.

3. Prescription Drug Prices — “Trump Rx” policy

Claim: Drug prices are falling under Trump’s policies; “Trump Rx” delivers savings.

Fact Check:

• In 2026, the administration announced an initiative where some major pharmaceutical companies agreed to offer “Most Favored Nation” pricing on certain drugs for state Medicaid programs, coupled with tariff reductions.

• Trump’s TrumpRx website serves as an information hub and does not itself sell drugs or guarantee lower pricing for all Americans.

• The Inflation Reduction Act — signed in 2022 — is the law currently empowering Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices, and those negotiated savings are starting to take effect in 2026.

• Data from independent analysts show drug prices remain high for many consumers, and drug costs overall have not dramatically reversed under current policies.

Bottom Line: Some negotiated discount programs are emerging, but broad, sustained across-the-board drug price reductions for all Americans are not yet fully realized or guaranteed under Trump’s policies.

4. Healthcare and the One Big Beautiful Bill (OBBB)

Claim: The One Big Beautiful Bill protects Medicaid, Medicare and expands healthcare affordability.

Fact Check:

• The White House asserts OBBB protects key safety net programs and ensures no cuts to Medicare or Medicaid.

• Multiple nonpartisan analyses — including by the Congressional Budget Office — find the law would cut Medicaid funding significantly and require new work requirements that jeopardize coverage for millions.

• Experts estimate that millions could lose health coverage and that lower-income households face greater potential harm from benefit changes compared with tax cuts benefiting upper-income households.

Bottom Line: Official messaging differs sharply from nonpartisan cost estimates; there is evidence the bill reduces healthcare supports and increases eligibility barriers for vulnerable Americans.

5. Energy & Gas Prices

Claim: The president said gas prices have dropped to ~$2.30/gallon and energy costs are affordable.

Fact Check:

• Gas prices have fallen from previous highs, but actual national averages (e.g., AAA reporting) are above $2.30/gallon and vary widely by state.

• Energy affordability still varies, and increases in overall energy demand and geopolitical factors influence fuel costs.

Bottom Line: Gas prices are lower than past peaks, but the specific figure cited by the president was an overstatement compared with current averages.

6. America’s Global Standing and Respect

Claim: America is respected abroad “perhaps like never before.”

Fact Check:

• Foreign policy perceptions are complex and mixed. While some allies emphasize defense and security cooperation, global surveys (e.g., Pew Research) typically show fluctuating views of U.S. leadership depending on issue area, region, and administration.

• Respect in areas such as trade, diplomacy, and alliances cannot be reduced to a single metric.

Bottom Line: Respect abroad is variable; it is inappropriate to claim a definitive “most respected ever” without nuanced global survey data.

7. Tariffs and Trade

Claim: New tariffs will protect U.S. industry and are a success.

Fact Check:

• Recent Supreme Court rulings struck down some emergency tariff measures, and the administration must work with Congress to reauthorize them.

• Trade experts note that tariffs can protect specific industries but also raise costs on imported goods that consumers depend on.

Bottom Line: The impact of tariffs is a mixed picture — protective for some domestic producers but potentially costly for consumers and trading partners.

8. Housing Affordability

Fact Check:

Housing affordability remains a challenge due to high mortgage rates and inventory shortages in many markets. While some rate decreases have helped, affordability metrics vary regionally and remain out of reach for many first-time buyers.

9. Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid Protections

Claim: The president vowed to protect these programs.

Fact Check:

Medicare and Medicaid are still central to the U.S. safety net. While the administration has stated it will not cut benefits directly, changes in eligibility, work requirements, and budget reallocations can effectively reduce access. Nonpartisan reports project Medicaid reductions under current law changes.

10. Other Issues (Epstein files, DOJ, corruption, administration ethics)

Fact Check:

Claims about the Epstein investigation, DOJ actions under Pam Bondi, and corruption require careful legal review; these topics involve ongoing investigations, lawsuits, and Justice Department protocols. Independent reporting has questioned aspects of past prosecutorial decisions but assigning intentional cover-ups is a matter for legal authorities and journalism rather than single fact checks.

Overall Conclusion

What’s accurate:

✔ Inflation is lower than recent peaks

✔ Gas prices have fallen from earlier highs

✔ Crime rates have seen notable declines in some areas

What’s overstated or problematic:

✘ Affordability improvements are not widely felt by most Americans

✘ Healthcare cost reductions are limited and complex

✘ The One Big Beautiful Bill’s effects on Medicaid, Medicare, and SNAP are debated and likely reduce net supports

✘ Tariff effects and global respect claims are oversimplified or contested

What remains unresolved:

• Long-term effects on housing, healthcare coverage access, and social safety net protections

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published in Dimwen

January 12, 2010 — Haiti Will Never Forget

A Dimwen Social Network Commemorative Article

Every Haitian remembers exactly where they were on January 12, 2010.

It was not just another Tuesday. It was not just another day in Port-au-Prince, Léogâne, Jacmel, Carrefour, Delmas, Pétion-Ville, and the surrounding communities. It was a day that split Haiti’s history into two parts: before the earthquake and after the earthquake.

At 4:53 PM (16:53 local time), the earth shook violently beneath our feet. In roughly 30 seconds, Haiti experienced one of the most catastrophic disasters ever recorded in the modern Caribbean region—an earthquake of magnitude 7.0, with an epicenter near Léogâne, about 25 km (15 miles) west of Port-au-Prince.

That moment changed everything.

What Happened That Day?

January 12th began like many other days in Haiti—busy, full of movement, survival, and routine. People were living life the best way they could:

Children were still at school or walking home
Street vendors were selling food along sidewalks
Tap-tap drivers were hustling their last routes
Parents were returning home from work
Offices were still open
Markets were crowded
Hospitals were functioning like always—overwhelmed but operating
Many families were preparing dinner or waiting for loved ones to arrive

Then, without warning, the ground roared.

Walls cracked. Roads shifted. Buildings trembled like paper. People lost balance. Some screamed. Some froze. Others ran—only to find the streets collapsing and the dust swallowing everything in darkness.

In seconds, Haiti became unrecognizable.

Fragile Infrastructure: A Country Built on Vulnerability

Yes, the earthquake was powerful—but what made it deadlier was the reality that Haiti’s infrastructure had been neglected for decades.

The disaster exposed what Haitians already knew:

Construction often happened without strict building codes
Concrete structures were frequently poorly reinforced
Many homes were built on unstable land
Dense neighborhoods lacked safe open spaces
Emergency systems were not prepared for mass disaster response

The quake struck in one of the most populated regions of the country, leaving millions affected, and creating a humanitarian emergency that Haiti’s institutions could not manage alone.

And the people paid the price.

When the Government Buildings Fell, the Nation Fell With Them

One of the most heartbreaking symbols of January 12 was the collapse of Haiti’s state infrastructure—not just politically, but physically.

Major government institutions were crushed, including Haiti’s most iconic structure:

The Haitian National Palace

The world watched in disbelief as the National Palace, symbol of Haitian leadership and sovereignty, was severely damaged—its dome collapsed, and much of its upper structure destroyed.

The collapse of the palace was not only architectural—it was psychological. It told the Haitian people and the world:

The nation’s foundation was weak, and the system could not protect its own.

Other key ministries, monuments, and institutions were also heavily affected—making coordination, security, and public services nearly impossible in the most critical moment.

The Death Toll and the Pain That Cannot Be Counted

No number can fully measure January 12.

Casualty estimates vary widely—partly due to the scale of destruction and the difficulty of records during mass chaos. But even conservative estimates confirm a devastating loss of life and widespread injury, displacement, and trauma.

Behind every statistic was a human being:

A mother buried under concrete
A child trapped in a classroom
A father searching through rubble with bare hands
Families screaming names into the dust
Bodies lined in the streets because morgues could not hold them

Haiti did not just lose people.

Haiti lost pillars of families, communities, and futures.

When Help Came… And Exploitation Came With It

The world responded quickly. There was money. There were campaigns. There were big speeches. There were promises.

But with time, many Haitians began to ask painful questions:

Where did all the money go?
Why are so many families still homeless years later?
Why did rebuilding not strengthen Haiti’s institutions?
Why were Haitians often excluded from decisions about Haiti?

Many international organizations arrived with power and visibility, but too often the response failed to strengthen local government capacity. Even major global observers noted that interventions should have built municipal and national structures—yet it largely did not happen.

And worse—some groups took advantage of tragedy:

Contracts flowed outside the country
Aid was politicized and poorly coordinated
Haitians became spectators in their own recovery
Billions were “spent,” but dignity and results were scarce

This pattern of “aid without accountability” became one of the most painful parts of the disaster’s legacy.

A Warning: The Next Earthquake Could Be Even Worse

What makes January 12 more than a memory is this truth:

Haiti remains dangerously unprepared.

Seismic risk has not disappeared. Haiti is still vulnerable, and disasters do not wait for governments to get organized.

If another major earthquake strikes—especially near dense areas like Port-au-Prince—its devastation could be even more severe because:

buildings are still not reinforced at scale
urban planning remains weak
rescue capacity remains limited
emergency communication systems are fragile
hospitals can be overwhelmed instantly
political instability slows response
poverty forces people into unsafe housing

The difference between tragedy and survival is preparedness.

What Haiti Must Do (Before It’s Too Late)

This commemoration must not only be emotional—it must be educational and demanding.

Haiti must invest in:

✅

Stronger Infrastructure

enforce building codes
reinforce schools, hospitals, and public buildings
regulate construction materials
stop unsafe construction practices

✅

Disaster Preparedness & Emergency Management

train national rescue teams
equip firefighters and civil protection
develop earthquake evacuation plans
establish emergency shelters with supplies

✅

Community Education

earthquake drills in schools
public awareness on survival protocols
disaster preparedness training for neighborhoods

✅

Accountability

track funding transparently
prevent corruption in rebuilding
prioritize Haitian-led reconstruction

Because a nation cannot survive repeated disasters without rebuilding its foundation.

We Will Never Forget

January 12, 2010 is more than a date.

It is:

a wound in the Haitian soul
a reminder of lives stolen too soon
a lesson about neglected infrastructure
a warning about exploitation
a call to rebuild with strength and dignity

We owe it to the victims.

We owe it to the survivors.

We owe it to the children who were born after 2010, who deserve a safer Haiti.

We will never forget.

And we must never allow Haiti to face the next earthquake the same way.

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published in Dimwen, Haiti, Haiti Geography, Haiti History, Politics

Federalism: Could It Be Haiti’s Turning Point?

Haitian Flag Day, Catherine Flon, Haiti flag history, Haitian national anthem, Haitian culture, Haitian independence, Haitian parade, May 18, Haitian pride

Introduction

Haiti, the first Black republic in the world, carries a legacy of pride, strength, and resilience. From its revolutionary independence in 1804 to its vibrant culture and people, Haiti has always been a nation of extraordinary potential. Yet, corruption, weak governance, and centralized power have crippled its progress. The question must now be asked: could adopting a federal system of government be the breaking point that reshapes Haiti’s destiny?

Federalism, at its core, divides power between a central government and regional governments, ensuring that authority is shared rather than monopolized. For a nation like Haiti—rich in diversity, culture, and resources—this system could be the key to unleashing local governance, accountability, and development.

What Is Federal Government?

A federal government is one where power is constitutionally divided between a national government and local or regional states. This ensures that no single authority has absolute control. Countries like the United States, Canada, Germany, and Brazil thrive under federal systems, balancing national unity with local autonomy.

How Federalism Works

Shared Powers: The national government manages defense, foreign affairs, and currency, while local states handle education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
Representation: Citizens are represented at both national and regional levels.
Checks and Balances: Courts act as guardians, ensuring fairness between national and regional governments.
Flexibility: Diverse regions can govern themselves while still being part of a unified nation.

http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-photography-haiti-map-image12762247

For Haiti, this could mean empowering local communities—giving Cap-Haïtien, Jacmel, Gonaïves, Les Cayes, and Port-au-Prince their own administrative strength, while still maintaining national unity.

Haiti and the Federal System: A Path to Renewal

Haiti currently operates under a highly centralized unitary system, where Port-au-Prince dominates governance. This concentration of power has fueled corruption, neglect of provinces, and political instability. Federalism could reverse this by:

Decentralizing Power – Allowing regions to manage their own development, resources, and budgets.
Strengthening Accountability – Local governments closer to the people can be held more accountable.
Encouraging Economic Growth – Each region could develop industries based on its strengths (tourism, agriculture, fishing, culture).
Reducing Corruption – Federalism dilutes centralized corruption by spreading governance across multiple levels.
Preserving National Unity – While decentralizing authority, federalism still binds the country under one constitution and national government.

Five Pillars of Haiti’s Greatness

Before looking forward, it’s crucial to recognize why Haiti is already a great nation—despite the challenges:

Historic Independence (1804) – Haiti became the first Black republic and the first nation in Latin America to abolish slavery, inspiring freedom movements worldwide.
Resilient People – Haitians have endured earthquakes, hurricanes, poverty, and political turmoil, yet their resilience, creativity, and solidarity remain unmatched.
Rich Culture – From vibrant art and music to Haitian Creole and Vodou traditions, Haiti’s culture influences the entire Caribbean and beyond.
Spiritual Strength – Haiti is deeply rooted in faith and spirituality, a unifying force that sustains hope even in the darkest times.
Geographic Beauty and Potential – With stunning coastlines, fertile lands, and untapped natural resources, Haiti has the potential to thrive as a hub of tourism, agriculture, and innovation.

Conclusion: Federalism as Haiti’s New Dawn

The time has come for Haiti to reimagine its governance. Federalism is not a magic solution, but it could be the structural change Haiti needs to break free from the chains of corruption and mismanagement. By empowering its regions, strengthening accountability, and unleashing the greatness of its people and culture, Haiti could step into a new era of prosperity.

Haiti’s greatness is undeniable. Now it must be unlocked through a system that reflects the strength of its independence, the resilience of its people, and the richness of its culture. Federalism could very well be the turning point—a step toward restoring Haiti as the shining beacon of freedom and dignity it has always been destined to be.

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published in Dimwen

You May Not Take Your Vote Back — But You Can Stand to Protect the Constitution

In a democracy, your vote is your voice. Once cast, it cannot be taken back. But even after Election Day passes, you still hold a sacred responsibility: to defend the Constitution, your rights, and the rights of every American.

Today, our country faces an urgent threat. The presidency is being used not as a service to the people, but as a tool of power — a platform to weaken checks and balances, to erode freedoms, and to advance a self-serving agenda. This is not the hallmark of democracy; it is the warning sign of authoritarianism.

What Is Authoritarianism?

Authoritarianism is a form of government where power is concentrated in one leader or a small elite group, unchecked by laws, institutions, or the will of the people. Unlike democracy, which thrives on accountability and balance, authoritarianism thrives on fear, suppression, and control.

10 Facts About Authoritarianism Every American Must Know

Concentration of Power — Authoritarian leaders centralize power, sidelining Congress, courts, and state governments.
Suppression of Free Press — Independent journalism is attacked, discredited, or silenced to control the narrative.
Erosion of Voting Rights — Laws are passed to suppress certain voters, especially minorities and the poor.
Use of Fear and Division — Leaders exploit race, religion, and ideology to pit citizens against each other.
Discrediting Elections — Authoritarians spread distrust in election systems to delegitimize outcomes they don’t like.
Targeting Minorities — Policies are crafted to limit the rights of racial, religious, or marginalized groups.
Weaponizing Government Agencies — Institutions like the Department of Justice or military are bent to serve political goals.
Corruption and Nepotism — Public offices are filled with loyalists, family, and wealthy allies rather than qualified experts.
Criminalizing Dissent — Peaceful protesters, critics, and political opponents are branded as enemies of the state.
Undermining Rule of Law — Laws are applied selectively, punishing opponents while shielding allies.

The President’s Abuse of Power

Instead of serving as a guardian of democracy, the presidency is being weaponized to attack democratic safeguards:

Freezing federal funds to punish agencies or programs seen as disloyal.
Blaming past administrations instead of accepting current accountability.
Dismantling Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives under false pretenses, eroding opportunities for minorities.
Pushing unlawful redistricting and voter suppression, silencing communities of color.

These are not isolated actions. They are coordinated moves in a playbook of authoritarian regimes.

The President’s Responsibility

The U.S. President is not a king. The officeholder’s duty is:

To uphold the Constitution.
To protect the rights of all citizens.
To preserve the balance of power, not dismantle it.
To take accountability when tragedy or failure strikes under their leadership.

When a president abuses this sacred trust, it becomes the duty of the people — and their representatives — to push back.

What Every American Must Do

Stay Informed: Do not rely on propaganda; seek multiple credible news sources.
Defend the Vote: Support voting rights protections and fight suppression laws.
Demand Accountability: Call your representatives, protest peacefully, and speak truth to power.
Support Institutions: Back the courts, free press, and watchdog groups resisting corruption.
Unite Across Differences: Do not allow leaders to divide Americans by race, class, or belief.
Reject Fear: Authoritarianism thrives when people are too afraid to act.

Final Warning: The Cost of Inaction

If you do nothing, if you remain silent, then years from now you may regret that moment when democracy was in danger and you failed to act.

You cannot take your vote back — but you can take a stand. Protect your rights, protect the Constitution, and protect the future of America.

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published in Dimwen, News

Constitution of the United States

The Preamble

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Article I

Section 1

All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Section 2

The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.

No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.

The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.

Section 3

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.

Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.

No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.

The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.

The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.

Section 4

The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.

Section 5

Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.

Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.

Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.

Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

Section 6

The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.

No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.

Section 7

All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.

Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.

Section 8

The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;

To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;

To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;

To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;

To establish Post Offices and post Roads;

To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;

To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;

To provide and maintain a Navy;

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;–And

To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Section 9

The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.

No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.

No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.

No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.

Section 10

No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it’s inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.

No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.

Article II

Section 1

The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows

Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.

The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President.

The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.

No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.

In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.

The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them.

Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:– I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.

Section 2

The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.

He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.

Section 3

He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.

Section 4

The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

Article III

Section 1

The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.

Section 2

The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;—to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;—to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;—to Controversies between two or more States;—between a State and Citizens of another State,—between Citizens of different States,—between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.

The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.

Section 3

Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.

The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.

Article IV

Section 1

Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.

Section 2

The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.

A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.

No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.

Section 3

New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.

The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.

Section 4

The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

Article V

The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.

Article VI

All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

Article VII

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

First Amendment

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Second Amendment

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Third Amendment

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Fourth Amendment

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Fifth Amendment

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Sixth Amendment

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

Seventh Amendment

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Eighth Amendment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Ninth Amendment

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Tenth Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Eleventh Amendment

The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

Twelfth Amendment

The Electors shall meet in their respective states and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;–the President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;–The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. [And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President.–]The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.

Thirteenth Amendment

Section 1

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section 2

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Fourteenth Amendment

Section 1

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section 2

Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.

Section 3

No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Section 4

The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Section 5

The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.

Fifteenth Amendment

Section 1

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude–

Section 2

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Sixteenth Amendment

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

Seventeenth Amendment

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

Eighteenth Amendment

After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

Nineteenth Amendment

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Twentieth Amendment

Section 1

The terms of the President and the Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.

Section 2

The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

Section 3

If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.

Section 4

The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

Section 5

Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article.

Section 6

This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission.

Twenty-First Amendment

Section 1

The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.

Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.

Section 4

Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.

Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.

Twenty-Sixth Amendment

Section 1

The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.

Section 2

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Twenty-Seventh Amendment

No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.

https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution

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published in Dimwen, Entertainment, Entertainment News, Entertainment Videos, Figaro Family Secret,

THE FIGAREAU FAMILY LEGACY – Season 1, Episode 5: Shadows of the Past

Secrets buried beneath generations begin to rise as Régine Figareau uncovers a shocking name in the family’s hidden safe—Gabriel Figareau. Who is he? And why was his existence hidden?

Meanwhile, Robert Figareau’s paranoia grows with a mysterious package and a warning note. Marie-Elizabeth dances dangerously close to betrayal, and a determined journalist closes in on the truth.

Tension is building. Loyalties will be tested.
The past is no longer silent.

Narrated by Ash Turbo with dramatic cinematic flair.
Watch exclusively on Dimwen.com
Don’t forget to LIKE, COMMENT, SUBSCRIBE, and hit the 🔔 for more secrets and suspense!

Tell us in the comments: Who do YOU think Gabriel Figareau is?

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LA LÉGENDE DE LA FAMILLE FIGAREAU – Saison 1, Épisode 5 : Les Ombres du Passé

LA LÉGENDE DE LA FAMILLE FIGAREAU – Saison 1, Épisode 5 : Les Ombres du Passé

Des secrets enfouis depuis des générations remontent à la surface lorsque Régine Figareau découvre un nom choquant dans le coffre secret de la famille — Gabriel Figareau.
Qui est-il ? Et pourquoi son existence a-t-elle été dissimulée ?

Pendant ce temps, la paranoïa de Robert Figareau grandit face à un colis mystérieux et une note menaçante. Marie-Elizabeth flirte dangereusement avec la trahison, tandis qu’une journaliste déterminée se rapproche dangereusement de la vérité.

La tension monte.
Les loyautés seront mises à rude épreuve.
Le passé ne reste plus silencieux.

Narration dramatique assurée par Ash Turbo.
Regardez l’épisode en exclusivité sur Dimwen.com

N’oubliez pas de LIKE, COMMENTER, VOUS ABONNER, et d’activer la cloche 🔔 pour encore plus de secrets et de suspense !

Partagez vos théories dans les commentaires : Qui pensez-vous que soit Gabriel Figareau?

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published in Dimwen, Entertainment, Entertainment Videos, Figaro Family Secret, The Figaro Family Secrets / Legacy – A Bold, Unforgettable Haitian Dynasty Drama

The Figareau Family Legacy: Season 1, Episode 4 — Betrayal in the Blood

Welcome to Episode 4 of The Figareau Family Legacy: “Betrayal in the Blood”

🔥 In this gripping new episode, passions erupt and hidden agendas collide. As Fernande and Dr. Fillier’s secret affair deepens, the Figareau empire begins to fracture. Unexpected betrayals, secret surveillance, and blood ties threaten to unravel the family’s powerful façade.

✨ The Figareau Family Legacy is a dramatic Haitian web series full of scandal, wealth, love, and deception. Follow the journey of the Figareau family as their darkest secrets come to light—one episode at a time.

👉 Subscribe for weekly episodes full of drama, suspense, and jaw-dropping twists.
📺 Watch all episodes at Dimwen.com
💬 Comment your thoughts below — who can be trusted in the Figareau family?

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published in Dimwen, Entertainment, Entertainment Videos, Figaro Family Secret, Film,

THE FIGARO LEGACY: The Price of Power

Season 1 – Episode 3

Power always comes at a cost.

In Episode 3: The Price of Power of The Figaro Legacy, secrets deepen and loyalties crack beneath the weight of privilege. Investigative journalist Claire Dumont uncovers damning financial discrepancies tied to the elite Figaro family. Meanwhile, Marie-Elizabeth dances with danger in the arms of Lucas Rivera, a man who thrives in shadows. And Régine Figaro finds herself inches from uncovering a locked truth that someone desperately wants to keep buried.

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